King Henry VIII Essays - British People, English People,

King Henry VIII Henry VIII (born 1491, ruled 1509-1547). The second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York was one of England's strongest and least popular monarchs. He was born at Greenwich on June 28, 1491. The first English ruler to be educated under the influence of the Renaissance, he was a gifted scholar, linguist, composer, and musician. As a youth he was gay and handsome, skilled in all manner of athletic games, but in later life he became coarse and fat. When his elder brother, Arthur, died (1502), he became heir apparent. He succeeded his father on the throne in 1509, and soon thereafter he married Arthur's young widow, Catherine of Aragon. During the first 20 years of his reign he left the shaping of policies largely in the hands of his great counselor, Cardinal Wolsey (See Wolsey, Cardinal). By 1527 Henry had made up his mind to get rid of his wife. The only one of Catherine's six children who survived infancy was a sickly girl, the Princess Mary, and it was doubtful whether a woman could succeed to the English throne. Then too, Henry had fallen in love with a lady of the court, Anne Boleyn. When the pope (Clement VII) would not annul his marriage, Henry turned against Wolsey, deprived him of his office of chancellor, and had him arrested on a charge of treason. He then obtained a divorce through Thomas Cranmer, whom he had made archbishop of Canterbury, and it was soon announced that he had married Anne Boleyn. The pope was thus defied. All ties that bound the English church to Rome were broken. Appeals to the pope's court were forbidden, all payments to Rome were stopped, and the pope's authority in England was abolished. In 1534 the Act of Supremacy declared Henry himself to be Supreme Head of the Church of England, and anyone who denied this title was guilty of an act of treason. Some changes were also made in the church services, the Bible was translated into English, and printed copies were placed in the churches. The monasteries throughout England were dissolved and their vast lands and goods turned over to the king, who in turn granted those estates to noblemen who would support his policies. In the northern part of the kingdom the people rose in rebellion in behalf of the monks, but the Pilgrimage of Grace, as it was called, was put down. Although Henry reformed the government of the church, he refused to allow any changes to be made in its doctrines. Before his divorce he had opposed the teachings of Martin Luther in a book that had gained for him from the pope the title Defender of the Faith--a title the monarch of England still bears. After the separation from Rome he persecuted with equal severity the Catholics who adhered to the government of Rome and the Protestants who rejected its doctrines. Henry was married six times. Anne Boleyn bore the king one child, who became Elizabeth I. Henry soon tired of Anne and had her put to death. A few days later he married a third wife, Jane Seymour. She died in a little more than a year, after having given birth to the future Edward VI. A marriage was then contracted with a German princess, Anne of Cleves, whom the king had been led to believe to be very beautiful. When he saw her he discovered that he had been tricked, and he promptly divorced this wife and beheaded Thomas Cromwell, the minister who had arranged the marriage. Henry's fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was sent to the block for misconduct. In 1543 he married his sixth wife, the tactful and pious Catherine Parr. Catherine, who survived Henry, lived to marry her fourth husband. During Henry's reign the union of England and Wales was completed (1536). Ireland was made a kingdom (1541), and Henry became king of Ireland. His wars with Scotland and France remained indecisive in spite of some shallow victories. Although he himself opposed the Reformation, his creation of a national church marked the real beginning of the English Reformation. He died on Jan. 28, 1547, and was buried in St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle. f

Exploring the missing links of accounting parlance in Iraq Essay Example

Exploring the missing links of accounting parlance in Iraq Essay Example Exploring the missing links of accounting parlance in Iraq Essay Exploring the missing links of accounting parlance in Iraq Essay Iraq has the common name, the Cradle of Civilization , as it was home to the earliest known civilizationon Earth, the Sumerian civilisation, which arose in the fertileTigris-Euphrates river valleyA of southern Iraq. Notwithstanding the fact that it has a rich history roots, Iraq since the invasion in 2003 by states of United States of America and Great Britain, has been regarded as a Cradle for Oil and Anti-Terrorism wars. Because of the unsolved feuds between states, Economic and Business activities have been inert, and accounting pattern is as if has been pine awaying. Few have been written to supplement Accounting in Iraq. With this respect, this research will seek to link the losing links of accounting idiom in Iraq and turn out the dynamism of Accounting, which no affair how Iraq s environment is an unhealthy land neither for Business minutess nor for residence because of the war eruption. Still, Accounting is adoptive in nature that can run under Iraq s state of affairs. With the proposed rubric of the research ; Iraq: Brick by Brick the survey provides a wider skyline for Iraqi Accounting System and Tax Regulations. This research will supply compiled supplement stuffs of the Historical histories of the development of accounting is Iraq, Accounting modulating organic structure and their Commissariats, Accounting system of Book maintaining and revenue enhancement ordinances being Implemented. Besides, this research will supply possible solutions and subscribers in reforming accounting system in Iraq in conformity with its national Reconstruction . Irak: Brick by Brick Iraq is rich in history, civilization and people. The land that now encompasses modern Iraq is known as the Cradle of Civilization. Around 4000 BC the antediluvian Sumerian civilization flourished here, arising land cultivation, irrigation, urban society and the first written alphabet. Known in ancient times as Mesopotamia, the land of Iraq figures conspicuously in the Bible, This is where the garden of Eden is depicted, where the tower of Babel was constructed, where Abram was foremost called by God to go forth place and family, and where the Hebrews were exiled following the devastation of the temple by King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon. Traversed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Iraq is largely desert, with mountains in the northern parts and fertile fields in the far south. It is surrounded by Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the South, Jordan to the West, Syria and Turkey to the North and Iran to the E. A narrow strip in the far south boundary lines on the Persian Gulf. Iraq is known for its oil, holding the 2nd largest militias in the universe. Grosss from oil gross revenues in the 1970s and 1980s enabled the state to do great paces in instruction, wellness attention and basic substructure. Till 1990, Iraq was known as one of the most extremely developed states in the Middle East. Some 22 million people call Iraq place. Seventy-five per centum or more are Arabs, 15-20 per centum is Kurdish and the balance are Turkoman, Assyrian, or another cultural group. The huge bulk 97 per centum is Muslim, and the staying three per centum is Christian. Cradle for First Accounting Practice Accounting was born before composing or Numberss existed, some 10,000 old ages ago, in the country known as Mesopotamia, subsequently Persia, and today the states of Iran and Iraq. This country contains the Tigris Euphrates river vale, a big fertile country 10,000 old ages ago with a big booming population and active trading between towns and metropoliss up and down the two rivers.A Writing and Numberss would be non being invented for about another 5,000 old ages. At that clip, merchandisers faced many of the same jobs concerns face today. They had to transport their ware up and down the rivers, and that meant swearing a boater with their goods. Unfortunately, non all boaters were honest, and dissensions frequently arose about how much was shipped versus what was received at the other end.A To cover with the job, merchandisers came up with an clever program. They made little clay items, in assorted forms and with assorted markers, to bespeak different merchandises. One would intend a basket of grain ; another would intend a pot of oil, etc. They had over 200 such items to bespeak a big assortment of common goods, including nutrient, leather, vesture, utensils, tools, jewelry, etc.A Before transporting their goods, a merchandiser would take one item for each point in the cargo, and incase the items in a ball of clay, called a bollae intending ball. The ball would be dried in the Sun, given to the boater, and so broken by the purchaser on the other terminal of the dealing. The purchaser would fit the items with the points in the cargo, to verify that everything sent was accounted for.A This is the map ofA protection of assets, and is a major map of all modern accounting systems. It was of import 10,000 old ages ago and is merely as of import now. Today we see merchandisers making the same thing as their opposite numbers 10 millenary ago today they get a measure of ladling a listing of the ware entrusted to a shipper.A The system of utilizing bollae continued for about 5,000 old ages, all before the innovation of composing or Numberss. One twenty-four hours, likely by accident, a wet clay bollae was rolled over a loose item, lying on the land. The feeling of the item was left in the wet clay. Merchants began pressing the items on the exterior of the bollae, in add-on to seting the items inside the ball.A Economic System Beehner ( 2007 ) cited in his Article the Economic Status of Iraq ; Iraq s economic system is dominated by theA oilA sector, which has traditionally provided about 95 % of foreign exchange net incomes. In the 1980s fiscal jobs caused by monolithic outgos in theA eight-year warA withA IranA and harm to oil export installations by Iran led the authorities to implementA asceticism steps, borrow to a great extent, and subsequently rescheduleA foreign debtA payments. Iraq suffered economic losingss from the war of at leastA US $ 100A billion. After belligerencies ended in 1988, oil exports bit by bit increased with the building of new grapevines and Restoration of damaged installations. A combination of low oil monetary values, repayment ofA war debtsA which was estimated at aroundA US $ 3 billion a twelvemonth and the costs of Reconstruction resulted in a serious fiscal crisis which was the chief short term motive for theA invasion of Kuwait. On November 20, 2004, theA Paris ClubA of creditor states agreed to compose off ( 80 % ) $ 33 billion of Iraq s $ 42 billion debt to Club members. Iraq s entire external debt was around $ 120 billion at the clip of the 2003 invasion, and had grown by $ 5 billion by 2004. TheA debt reliefA will be implemented in three phases: two of 30 % each and one of 20 % .Bohsem, Guido A ; Somerville, Glen, 1993 ) At the terminal of 2005, and in the first half of 2006, Iraq implemented a restructuring of about $ 20 billion of commercial debt claims on footings comparable to that of its November 2004 Paris Club understanding ( i.e. with an 80 % write-down ) . Iraq offered to its larger claimants a U.S. dollar denominated bond maturing in 2028. Smaller commercial claimants received a hard currency colony of comparable value. Indeed, Iraq had a rich civilisation as it was one of the innovators in the field of Accounting and besides in the development of money. But Through the old ages Iraq experienced events that toiled their once rich civilisation Such as Saddam Hussein s dominance that brought series of wars, find of arms of mass devastation and America s declaration of war against Iraq in chase of its Anti-terrorism run. War after war Iraq was susceptible to instability and temporalties with respects to their administration and accounting pattern is no exclusion from it. Iraqi accounting Administration The Board of Supreme Audit ( BSA ) is the legislative organic structure that is responsible for the issue of accounting criterions and policies in Iraq. The function of the said organic structure is stated in Article 6 ( 1990, the Board of Supreme Audit Law ) : Board of Supreme Audit was enacted and still into force the intents of: Puting the function, responsibilities, and fortes of the Board of supreme Audit and heightening its function to take part in bettering the public presentation of the province s establishments. to enable this Board to procure the auditing demands and its demands of resources, civil equipments, and information whether to state an sentiment about the truth of the fiscal state of affairss and the activity consequences or to measure theA public presentation of executive institutionsA under its reappraisal. To happen administrative and organisational constructions that goes along with the stages of the development of national economic system and gives adequate flexibleness to the Board in be aftering and delegating responsibilities and fortes. A A To procure the needed cardinal supervising to direct commanding tasksA andA developing the bases rules, agencies and ways of execution and measure the consequences In add-on to enablingA the Board to cover all the services and establishments of the province in the governorates with auditing and supervising with the highest degree of competency and efficiency. The Audit Advisory Board ( AAB ) is chiefly responsible for forming and oversing the auditing and accounting profession within the private sector in Iraq, while the board of Supreme Audit ( BSA ) is responsible for the audit governmental entities ( Al-Salman, 2009 ) . The Chairman of Board of Supreme Audit ( BSA ) is the president of Audit Advisory Board ( AAB ) . Accounting Standards Iraqi organisations and Foreign Entities runing in Iraq must utilize the Unified Accounting System ( U.A.S ) for statutory coverage, including audited fiscal statements which needs to run into the demands of the revenue enhancement governments, The Central Bank of Iraq and The Registrar of Companies. Any organisation may utilize any accounting Standards internally or for any other coverage intents. However, describing to Iraqi regulators should follow with U.A.S requirements.BSA being the legislative organic structure responsible for issue of criterions stated in their accounting criterion no. 1 the composing of the Board of Accounting and Auditing Standards along with this are other criterions formulated by the Board: Accounting Standard no. 2 Accounting Treatment about research and Development costs ( 1992 ) Accounting Standard no. 3 Capitalizing Loans disbursal ( 1993 ) Accounting Standard no. 4 Accounting of Change, Effect in Foreign Currency Price ( 1993 ) Accounting Standard no. 5 Accounting on Inventory, Its rating and presentation in Fiscal Statements ( 1995 ) Accounting Standard no. 6 Disclosure of Information that are Related with Fiscal Statements and Accounting Policies ( 1995 ) Accounting Standard no. 7 Cash Flows ( 1996 ) Accounting Standard no. 8 Information Reflecting the effects of altering Monetary values ( 1997 ) Accounting Standard no. 9 Contingencies and Events happening after Balance Sheet day of the month ( 1997 ) Accounting Standard no. 10 Disclosures of fiscal statements in Banks and Similar Institutions ( 1998 ) Accounting Standard no. 11 Agricultural Accounting ( 1998 ) Accounting Standard no. 12 Capital Net income and Loss ( 2000 ) Accounting Standard no. 13 Accounting for revenue enhancements on Incomes ( 2001 ) Accounting Standard no. 14 Accounting for Investments ( 2001 ) Iraqi Accounting Rules Book Keeping and Ledger Maintenance Accounting Practice in Iraq may demo facets that are different from the by and large followed regulations. Disparities in the applied regulations are consequences of Culture dynamism and Behaviour of the Environment. Alnajjar ( 2004 ) laid down these differences in the regulations: Organizations operate in Iraq should maintain their histories and legers in Arabic linguistic communication and Reports issue to the Iraqi regulators has to be in Arabic. These regulations are implied because of the Arabic Dialect that is spoken all throughout Iraq. Organizations can utilize internally any currency to enter their accounting minutess but for the intent of audited fiscal Statements to be presented to the concerned governments needs to be Iraqi Dinars, since it is the official currency of the state. Accounting interventions under U.A.S may transport ambiguity for certain international accounting policies such as the intervention by caput of office bear downing a certain per centum of its operating expense to a contract being executed in Iraq, or the intervention of the Management Expenses incurred by the Head office in trust with the activities of the entity runing in Iraq. Iraqi Tax Regulations One of the major beginnings of Income in Iraq is their Tax. Harmonizing to the Ministry of Finance in Iraq there are 5 revenue enhancement classs that presently being implemented, which are: Corporation Tax, Personal income Tax, Social Security Contributions, Stamp Duty and Custom Duty and VAT/ Gross saless revenue enhancement which is presently non in consequence. Corporation Tax Income earned deemed to be earned in Iraq is capable to revenue enhancement. Corporation Tax is levied at a level rate of 15 % of the nonexempt net income, but for companies runing within the Oil Sector, a measure shall be passed to increase the rate of corporation Tax to 35 % of the nonexempt net income. Taxable net income is the reported net income as per fiscal statements adjusted by certain unallowable disbursals for revenue enhancement intents such as: Commissariats Personal non-business disbursals Dividend income Loss can be carried frontward for five old ages in order to countervail up to 50 % from nonexempt income of the subsequent old ages. Foreign Entities runing in Iraq in the signifier of a Limited Liability company or subdivision shall be treated in the same mode indicated for revenue enhancement intents. Personal Income revenue enhancement and Social Security Contributions Personal Income revenue enhancement rates are 3-15 % based on the single nonexempt income. Taxable income is the income earned by an person after subtracting allowable points such as, personal allowances, kid allowances, every bit good as other deductible freedoms such as nutrient, adjustment, conveyance and hazard allowances. Income revenue enhancement paid abroad on behalf of an exiles employed in Iraq shall be off set against personal income revenue enhancement liability incurred in Iraq. Staff Personal income has to be settled on a monthly footing, as it s the responsibility of the employer to roll up the revenue enhancement from the employees and direct it to the concerned revenue enhancement authorization in this regard, In order to avoid punishments. The employee s societal security part is 5 % of the basic wage, while the employer s part is 12 % . Social Security paid abroad for expatriate forces runing in Iraq may be off set against their liability for societal security as a consequence of their employment in Iraq. Custom and Stamp Duty About all imported stuffs except nutrient and really limited types of stuffs are capable to 5 % reconstructing Iraq fees. In add-on, 1 % export fees imposed on just market value besides the local authorities can enforce extra fees of 1 % to 2 % from the just market value of the imported goods and stuffs, if such goods will be used inside of such district. Stamp Duty may be imposed upon sign language of contracts with governmental entities. The current rate is 0.2 % of the value of the contract, unless the contract itself stipulates that it is exempt from stamp responsibility. Future Plans on Accounting Policies Iraq is non included in the list of states that are utilizing the International Financial Reporting Standards as a footing for the accounting regulations to be implemented. Uniform accounting is going irrelevant and a new accounting attack is needed. The inquiry that needs to be addressed is which accounting system is best suited for usage in new Iraq. International accounting criterions may be considered as a good option. ( Alnajjar, 2004 ) Since 1990 s a series of 14 accounting criterions were announced slackly based on IFRS. But these accounting criterions have fallen behind, one of which is the Standard on research and development costs ( IAS 9 research and development costs ) , an international accounting criterion that no longer exists since it was replaced by IAS 38 Intangible assets. ( Al Bawaba,2010 ) In 2009, the cardinal bank of Iraq pre-announced its purpose of change overing the Fiscal Statements into IFRS. Late last twelvemonth, in audience with the IMF and the World Bank, Iraq has adopted a three-year action program that identified precedence steps in the countries of budget readying, executing and coverage ; hard currency direction ; public procurance ; and the accounting model. Specifically: To better budget readying, Iraq will clearly specify precedences, set ceilings in the budget handbill for current and investing disbursement in line with a sustainable medium-term budget scheme, and develop overall sector schemes To beef up coverage and hard currency direction, Iraq will necessitate passing units to subject studies on all disbursement including investing, progresss, and letters of recognition no subsequently than two months after the terminal of each month, and to accommodate these sums with the hard currency balances at the beginning and terminal of the coverage period. Cash releases will be approved merely after the Ministry of Finance has reviewed the study from three months before. This will cut down the idle balances in passing units histories to the lower limit required to guarantee the continuity of authorities operations. Furthermore, by end-March 2010 Iraq will reexamine all histories in the banking system that are classified as cardinal authorities histories and accommodate them with Treasury records, and will return any idle balances received from the budget to the cardinal Treasury. With respect to progresss, Iraq will reexamine the outstanding stock of progresss to place those that are recoverable and put a clip agenda for their recovery and for composing off unrecoverable progresss based on appropriate mandate at a high degree. Iraq will fix a elaborate study to document the consequences of the reappraisal. The footing on which debts have been classified as recoverable or unrecoverable, and actions taken to retrieve dubious sums before urging that they are written-off will be clearly specified. To beef up internal audit and control systems, Iraq will re-examine its internal policies and processs at the Ministry of Finance, every bit good as the accounting systems, procedures and internal controls used by the accounting section ; and reexamine the internal controls of the largest passing units runing systems. To beef up the quality of its investing docket and speed up the Reconstruction of Iraq s substructure, Iraq will inquire the Board Supreme Audit ( BSA ) to reexamine the largest investing undertakings financed with 2008 budget allotments. This audit study will measure the standards for O.K.ing capital investing undertakings: whether a cost benefit analysis was carried out ; the procurance procedure: whether it conformed to international criterions of transparence and fight ; and the undertaking direction procedure: whether the undertakings were delivered on clip and within budget. The study will supply recommendations that could be used in the undermentioned budgeting procedure to heighten the docket on public investing. Iraq will besides set about an appraisal of the functionality of the Iraq Financial Management Information System ( IFMIS ) developed with the aid of USAID, and do the alterations required to guarantee that this system is to the full operational ( with the inclusion of a committedness control system and the ability to bring forth regular comprehensive studies in line with best patterns ) in 2011. Iraq will go on to subject to the BSA and to the Council of Representatives the concluding histories for each financial twelvemonth no subsequently than September 30 of the undermentioned twelvemonth. The BSA has already completed the audit of the concluding histories of the federal budget for 2005-06, and it is reexamining the 2007 and 2008 histories. To avoid the obstructions Iraq has encountered last twelvemonth in informations aggregation for the nose count of public service employees, Iraq has narrowed the coverage to include all cardinal authorities employees that work outside of security related countries. Iraq will do all attempts to hold the nose count completed by September 30, 2010. After completion of the nose count, Iraq will travel fleetly to extinguish shade workers and follow an action program aimed at developing a computerized human resource database and a computerized paysheet system, as a first measure toward comprehensive civil service reform. In analogue, the BSA has begun a undertaking to verify the forces records in the line ministries in order to clean up the bing paysheet. Tax Reforms Iraq has made some advancement in developing a medium-term revenue enhancement reform scheme with the aim of streamlining the revenue enhancement system, broadening and diversifying the revenue enhancement base, and increasing gross aggregation. As a first measure, in 2008 Iraq has introduced a nomadic phone revenue enhancement. Looking in front, Iraq plans to present a gross revenues revenue enhancement in the coming old ages as a precursor for a value-added revenue enhancement, and is besides sing cut downing the figure of income revenue enhancement brackets. Iraq has will seek proficient aid from the IMF and other international spouses to back up its revenue enhancement reform attempts. Iraq will press the Council of Representatives to follow the new imposts jurisprudence that will set up a transparent and efficient duty system with fewer freedoms. Decision Iraq being a 3rd universe state and an Arab state makes their accounting pattern really particular and different from other states patterns. But from the research, Iraq s status did non straight affect the accounting pattern and alternatively proved the dynamism of Accounting as it was able to accommodate to Iraq s state of affairs amidst the nuisance that was caused by the series of wars and of oppressive leading. Besides, although accounting in Iraq is chiefly used for revenue enhancement ordinance, Iraqi Accounting Standards and policies need to be refurbished because they have already fallen behind other 3rd universe states in an Arab State. They should change over their criterions in conformance with IFRS to take their opportunities on Globalization and resuscitate their Civilization. This is peculiarly of import in the fiscal services sector. The internationalisation of accounting criterions has been driven by the globalisation of capital markets. There were major additions in cross-border capital flows over the past few decennaries. This means that investable capital can travel more rapidly and expeditiously to the most attractive investing chances worldwide. Increasingly, planetary investors are rousing to Iraq s investing potency. But barriers exist to using capital. Percepts about security remain a job. Modernization of the fiscal substructure needs to go on. Laws and ordinances need farther updating. And Iraq needs eloquence in international criterions for fiscal coverage. A A A

Autobiographical

Nisha rameen H Fleming Freshmen English 30 November 2006 The day I changed myself It was sunny afternoon in the middle of the summer. I was reading a book. Then my mother called me and told that, I and my family are moving from our country. My calm mind sudden changed in temper mind. I was shocked. Was I hearing something wrong? That came to my mind first. Because I could not imagine that she can tell me such matter in such an easy mood. But what I heard and what expression I see in my mothers face was completely right. That incident came like a storm and floated everything with it. I lived in Bangladesh. For fourteen years Bangladesh had been my home. Everyone loves their country, but when they leave their country then they understand what their country, their language, their culture is. A country is like mans shelter. Everyone is well-known about their environment, but when one goes to another country, they understand that no one is familiar to him. That is exactly my case. By attending a public school with one thousand students from preschool through grade eight I grew up with the same friends and classmates in each grade since the age of five. We know each other so well that we were like family, and I blossomed in this sheltered environment. This sheltered environment was shattered on the 22nd July 2008 when my family received a large, white, official envelope with the seal of United States of America. After hearing that news from my mothers mouth, my mind was full of questions. All questions are initially run through my emotional mind and my parents are refused to answer my questions. How could they force such a change in my life and ignore my questions? My parents were being cruel, not because they were making move but because they were completely gnoring my feelings and questions. My opinions and feelings meant nothing to them because they made the choice on their own. I ran to my room and shut the door. What I heard Just five minutes ago, my mothers voice was chanting those words beside me. During which time I could absorb the fact that I was Just going to left my friends, my country, and my home. And I could quite possibly never see Bangladesh again. Not because I wanted to, but because my parents had not given me any choice. I was torn between sadness at going to leave my whole life behind and a eeling of anxiety at starting a new life in an unknown world. After the first push of that incident I settle down and called my best friend who always supported me in my worse times. I told him the full matter. I shouted, I cried and asked him that, what I did that; god is giving me that type of punishment. He had no word to console me except listen to me. He listen the full matter quietly. I was so emotional that time, I just became teenager. For a teenager it was the largest pain. It was more than I could accept in my little mind. My mind is hoping that this was simply an unpleasant ream or a nightmare. But this imagination felt like a hard slap in my face. This is not happening that came to mind then. To go another country or stay another country it life. My life is in their hand. That night, fghting to hold the tears in my eyes, I lied restlessly in my bed with a cold blanket hiding my face and looking over the window to see the night beauty of my country, who can tell that; can I see these beauties may two or three days more. The next day I woke up to look outside the window. I was depressed. I was not on the state of anything listening or anything seeing. I went in front of my house. One year age I made a garden in front of my house. It was the most favorite place of mine whenever I get upset I used to come here and the breeze of the garden take away the sadness from me. It is pleasant and beautiful surrounding of my garden. It is quite, it is sets the mood that I want to think about anything, like about my life. The beautiful white and red roses used to say hi to me. Every day I also wish them back but that day my mind was not in the Earth it went somewhere else. I was thinking that, my moving from country is like my garden. I reated my garden to give all my effort in this land and I created a little world beside me in my country and now someone is telling me that I had to leave my little world, like take away all your trees and find different land for your garden. I had to torn all my bonding. I had to leave everything I create. Then the day came, 25 July2008. Our flight was at night 1 :52am. We said bye to our relatives and friends. And then we fly in the sky. My mind was stacked by questions. My eyes are red because of shedding tears past two days. I was feeling that time, that we flying and this flight will taking e far away from my country. Such a country, I do not have any idea how it is look like. I was going to face a largest challenge of finding new friends, adapting to a new school system and a whole new different culture. Whole forty-eight hours flight was lay ahead of me and my mind was full of imaginations. My first step of United States of America was 28 July2008. With many sacred feelings from my country, put it in heart I started my life in America. It was hard, hurting and full of pain. I could not remember any smile, I smiled from my heart. When I smiled, it was only for my arents and to show them that I am happy in America. My body is here but my soul is not here. My soul is in my country, where one year ago a Jolly teenager laughs from her heart and talks with hopes with full heart of hopes. When I see my face in the mirror, sometimes I asked myself that; is that me? I changed so strangely, that sometimes it is difficult to know me for me. What I was and what I am now. But is these want my parents for me that changing fully or they want something else. I still do not know what the reason was behind to leave our country. Is it for better future or us or only for our parents ambitious mind? I dont know or maybe I am not mature enough to understand the fact of left our country or it can be happen also that, I should never know that reason. That incident snatched everything from me like a sudden storm. Moved to America changed my whole life. This is my fate. I cannot do anything against my fate. Some says; man proposes but god disposes it can be true but I personally feel that, life is what we make it so I wont give up. I have to keep patience. Maybe the day is not far when I will go back to my country.

Information System Risk Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information System Risk Management Paper - Essay Example Threats to an organization can be both from internal sources and external. While the motives may vary, the system is vulnerable to several risks. This paper will examine the vulnerabilities, the potential threats and the levels of security that could help mitigate the risks and allow uninterrupted workflow. Risk has been defined as the chance of exposure to the adverse consequences of future events (Egbuji, 1999). The likelihood and consequences have to be understood to provide for the right security measures. For a risk to be understandable, according to the Software Engineering Institute (SEI, 2006) of Carnegie Mellon University, it must be expressed clearly. This also implies that possible losses must be identified. Risks have to be assessed continuously and used for decision-making. In the field of computer technology and the information systems, technology enhancement is an ongoing process, which further necessitates continuous risk assessment. Besides, the losses due to lack of security controls could be in the areas of production, revenue, damaged reputation, and financial performance. Benefits of proper security measures could result in enhanced operational efficiency and competitive advantages (Kim, 2006). An organization must invest in IS security and know where to cut corner s. They should be able to spell the difference between security success and disaster (Gupta and Hammond, 2006). According to SEI, seven principles provide the framework to establish effective risk management. These include having a global perspective, the system should be at par with the larger systems, forward-looking view that is identifying and anticipating uncertainties, open communication – information and communication at all levels should be free flowing, integrated – risk management should be a vital and an integrated part of management, continuous – regular upgradation and constant vigil, shared product vision – having common purpose, shared

Local Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Local Government - Research Paper Example Both the City and the Council view that the devolution of decision-making process would make the councilors to perform at their most effective level. The devolution would help the councilors to promote high-quality customer-focused local services, and through the commission, they ensure that resources are adequate and available to local authorities.The devolution of authority established as part of government reform causes the bureaucracy system of traditional paternal governance to become entrepreneurial governance or a mercantilist government and it is plaguing the country even the countries all over the world. Traditionally, as local government and local leader, the city performs the mandate of the national government and delivers public goods and services to the citizens. However, the devolution requires the transfer of the national responsibility directly to the councils. Councilors lead, coordinate, manage, direct the people, and guide them toward a higher standard of living (S chwarz 1983). Strategic planning, that is usually done at the national level is now their routine. The citizens also have easy access to their representatives and equal access to the goods and services even have direct access to participate in the public policy process.As a mercantilist government, the citizens are still the customers and the clients are the minority groups or the stakeholders, who, after the reform, have better access to the City officials through the councils.

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Market in Southeast Asia Essay Example for Free

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Market in Southeast Asia Essay An electric vehicle charging station, also called an electric recharging point, or charging point, supplies electric energy to charge PEVs, including all-electric cars, neighborhood EVs, and plug-in hybrids. Two technologies are used in charging stations, wired AC charging and DC charging. Depending on the type of charging station, these are segmented into Level 1 Charging Station, Level 2 Charging Station, and Level 3 Charging Station. The performance of the equipment is measured in terms of the charging time, input power supply, voltage, and maximum operating current. Covered in this Report. This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Electric Vehicle Charging Station market in Southeast Asia for the period 2014-2018. To calculate the market size, the report considers revenue generated through the sales of level 1, level 2, and level 3 charging stations. The   report also presents the vendor landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the five key market vendors. In addition, it discusses the major drivers that influence the growth of the market and the challenges faced by the vendors and the market at large. The report also outlines the key trends emerging in the market that will contribute to the growth of the Electric Vehicle Charging Station market in Southeast Asia during the forecast period.

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Yossarian is faking his illnesses to avoid the war. While he’s in the hospital he is required to censor letters and he will joke and censor just about anything he reads and signs off as â€Å"Washington Irving†. A Texan comes and eventually annoys everyone back into active duty. Yossarian notices that he is the only one who is concerned with the war and claims that everyone is trying to kill him. Everyone else denies that there is a war going on. He later finds out that his Colonel has raised the number of required missions from 45 to 50 when Yossarian was at 44. Orr talks to Yossarian about how he used to walk around with crab apples in his mouth. A general named Peckem hopes to take over command of Yossarian’s unit because the current general is failing at bringing enthusiasm to his subordinates. Yossarian feels sick but Daneeka instead sends him back and recommends acting like Havermeyer, who is a soldier that makes the most of every situation Yossarian talks with Daneeka whose problems are that the war is interrupting his medical practice. Yossarian interrupted educational meetings resulting in a rule that only people who don’t ask questions could ask questions. Private first class Wintergreen caused frustration among his superiors by giving a message out that only said â€Å"T.S. Eliot†. Yossarian listens to Doc Daneeka’s story about newlyweds who visited his office. Yossarian again attempts to get grounded by claiming he was crazy, which of course proved that he wasn’t. Hungry Joe has flown all of his missions and he is still not allowed to go home because the number of missions keeps rising. Orr attacks Appleby in a game of Ping-pong. Yossarians pilot, McWatt is described in this chapter as the â€Å"craziest combat man† because o... ... go through with the plan. Orr and Yossarian realize Milos amount of control as he is the mayor and even god in some countries. Nately Yossarian and Hungry Joe arrive in rome where they meet up with Nately’s prostitute. Nately argues with an old man about how America and Italy were doing in the war. Milo’s company has grown world wide but has a problem selling massive amounts of Egyptian cotton. He was surprised when Yossarian brings the idea of selling it to the government. The chaplain is miserable because no one will treat him as a regular person. He tries to help by seeing major major about the missions but he wont allow anyone in. After Colonel Cathcart periodically throws him out, he begins questioning everything even god. Nately falls in love with his whore while she is annoyed with him. Yossarian and Dunbar change identities but are caught by the Nurses

Fahrenheit 451 Equality Essay

Why is equality impossible? In both Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut, the government’s try to suppress freedom by calling it equality. Both the characters, Guy Montag and Harrison Bergeron try to oppose their government’s idea of equality. They show that there will always be individuals who rebel, are not the same, and try to start their own society to fight against the government. In these readings, both authors, Bradbury and Vonnegut, suggest that equality is unattainable because there will constantly be individuals that challenge the idea of people being the same in everyway possible. Even as the government concealed knowledge in both readings, individuals rebelled in order to obtain knowledge. Harrison Bergeron challenged the government, all while he wore a tremendous pair of earphones that mentally handicaps intelligent people. Nonetheless he refused to sit still and live his life like everyone else in the world. Instead he wanted to be emperor of the world and fought until his death trying to achieve his vision. Harrison proclaims on television, â€Å"‘I am the emperor! †¦ Do you hear? I am the emperor†¦ Even as I stand here†¦ crippled, hobbled, sickened- I am a greater ruler than any man who ever lived! ’†(Vonnegut 3). Despite the fact that Harrison is only fourteen years old and carried three hundred pounds, he rebelled against the government on account that he loathed the world he currently is in. This shows that even if the government forces people into being equal, people will rise up and rebel against them. In Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag also rebelled against his government. He was not allowed to read or owned books since it was against the law. Knowing this, Guy still rebelled by smuggling books home from his fireman job. Bradbury writes, â€Å" Without looking at [the book, Guy] dropped it to the floor†¦ He kept moving his hand and dropping books on the floor†¦When he was done he looked down upon some twenty books lying at his wife’s feet† (65-66). Though Guy was a fireman and books for a living, he began to doubt and rebel against his government’s idea of equality. As the government burnt books, citizens that normally obeyed the law began to rebel against it and collected books. This shows that even people who enforce the law might rebel against it, if they begin the doubt it. No matter how hard the governments try to suppress knowledge, everyday citizens who want knowledge will find a way to obtain it. Even in the world where everyone is allegedly equal, there will be people that are above others. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, everyone in the world is the same, no one is prettier than anyone else and no one is smarter than anyone else. This is untrue because Diana Moon Glampers, the United States Handicap General, is able kill people. Vonnegut writes, â€Å" Diana Moon Glampers, the Handicap General, came into the studio with a double- barreled ten-gauge shotgun. She fired twice, and the Emperor and the Empress were dead before they hit the floor† (Vonnegut 4). Even though everyone is supposedly equal, the Handicap General has more power than everyone else. She holds the power of life and death in her hands because she is not the same as the other citizens. This shows that there will always be someone that has more power than the rest; thus proving that people will never be perfectly equal. In Fahrenheit 451, the government prevents any person to possess more intelligence than the rest of the population. People who try to gain more knowledge through books are sent to an asylum and their books are burnt to the ground. Montag asks, â€Å"‘ I-I’ve been thinking. About the fire last week. About the man whose library we fixed. What happened to him? ’ [Beatty answers] ‘They took him screaming off to the asylum’† (Bradbury 33). When people try to learn more than others, the government makes sure that they are removed so that no one is smarter than anyone else. Even though they send people in possession of books to an asylum, it does not stop people who want to obtain knowledge from collecting books. This shows that no matter how much the government tries to enforce equality, there will be people that strive to obtain knowledge. No matter how much censorship is used to make everyone the same, certain individuals will always have more knowledge and power than others. As people disagreed with the government’s idea of equality, they band together and form their own society. In â€Å"Harrsion Bergeron†, Harrison Burgeron wanted to start his own empire. He disagreed with the current government and wanted to rule the world. Harrison Bergeron states, â€Å"‘I am the emperor! †¦ I am a greater ruler than any man’†(Vonnegut 3). This shows that Harrison Burgeron wants to create his own world. He opposes the government’s law and plans on creating a different society before he was shot down. Harrsison Bergeron shows that even in the most controlled world, humans who want difference will try to make their own world. When Guy Montag ran away from the society he knew, he encountered a group of people that opposed the way the government works. This group thought that books and knowledge are important unlike the government. Granger says, â€Å"‘We’ll pass the books on to our children, by word of mouth, and let our children wait, in turn, on the other people’† (Bradbury 153). Granger and his group felt that books are important and that individual knowledge is more important than everyone being perfectly equal. They thought that the world is not ready for their knowledge. By having their own group with different ideas from the government’s, they have started a society where people can appreciate books instead of burning them. They have created a society that directly contradicts what he government is trying to accomplish. When people do not agree with the government, they will band together and form a society hoping to overthrow the law. Equality is an unachievable idea due to the fact that there are people who will rebel, be smarter or more powerful than others, and people that band together to form their own ideal society. The more a government forces their citizens to be equal, the more likely people will oppose what the government is doing. In both â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† and Fahrenheit 451, the government tries to censor the amount of freedom and knowledge every individual has, by calling it equality, but people had still rebelled against the government. Both stories show that equality is a truly impossible because certain individuals will always challenge what equality truly is.

Information technology in the business world: its advantages and disadvantages Essay

Information technology in the business world: its advantages and disadvantages. Communication technology is one of the most important facilities of information technology (IT) for the people around the world. It changed the human life by made it easier to communicate between each other also it make the world look like small village. People now communicate between each other’s by different ways comparison to the past. As a result businesses also change and develop by using communication technology. The companies have many benefits and many barriers by using communication technology; the discussion will be limited to this area. This essay will argue that information technology has advantages and disadvantages when used it in business. One of the advantages is that Internet can help companies to communicating effectively with clients. Also companies can use it to build a good relationship with their customers. Now most companies provide a website to market their goods and give more detailed about company’s business. Moreover, Most companies now use a virtual communication to deal or exchange information. In the other hand, communication technologies have many disadvantages that breakdown the business. The First common disadvantage among in companies that employees using company computer for dubious purposes. Also, using internet in workplace for a long time could be affect body and brain health. In addition, employees mobile phones are not secure because of the digital criminal. Internet helped companies to communicate effectively with their customers. It will help the companies to save their time and money while they finish their work online such as: online business deals and advertise their products. Researches show that companies who use the internet develop faster than others. In addition, many clients use internet to read about companies products. According to Vallee (2002, p. 109): ‘the whole world has access to your products, in proportion to the access people have individually to the internet’. The internet is very  useful for companies and helps to them to communicate with their clients. Internet can help companies to build a good relationship with their customers. It can be by sending email to advertise the new products so the customer will find that company interested on him/her and this will strengthen the interaction between them. Most of the customers preferred to deal with that companies give him/her an attention. Kleindl (2002, p.15) explain that ‘Businesses must learn to gain customers trust.’ Thus, it can be concluded that companies can make a good relationship with customers by using internet. Due to the evolution of Information Technology, most companies design a website to displaying company information and products. They have encouraged customers to visit their website to find information about the new products and know the general idea about the company work. Also most of this website provides section that the customer can buy the company products so the customer will save the time by order the products from his place. According to Vallee (1999, p. 74): ‘the websites of most large businesses merely offer general information and job ads, with little else. On the whole, design a website for the company can be very useful to the work. Now days most of the big international companies found that virtual communications are very useful. They can use it to hold a virtual conference between companies in different countries at any time and any day. Most companies find it helpful because it saves their money and time. For example: the companies who want to discuss a business deal should asset time and place to meet but with a virtual communication there is no need to all of these. Hurwitz (2009) consider that ‘The reality is you can get away with a lot more in person than you can in a virtual meeting. In an in-person meeting there is enough going on and enough possibilities of interaction that it works’. Therefore, virtual conference becomes more useful for companies and businesses. The uncontrolled Usage of computers in work places has many disadvantages that impede the progress of work. Many employees use companies’ computers for dubious purposes. Also they may surf the internet during office hours. Therefore, the employees may not perform the work required of them in limited time. Caplan (2006, p. 64) explains that ‘cyber  loafing and personal web use may inhibit productivity’. To summarise, the use of computer in the work place sometimes leads to a downturn in employee performance. Using internet in workplace for a long time could affect the worker health. It is a common problem among companies that employees use the int ernet for a long time. Many of them suffer from different health problem and neurological problems that caused by internet such as: posture and tension, difficulty in breathing, problem in blood circulation and eye health. In addition, if the employees exposure this problem he/she will reduce the level of work (Mcdowell 2001). According to Mcdowell (2001): ‘Those of us who sit at computer screens for long periods every day are already in danger of unsettling our health if this sort of activity is not balanced by a whole lot of contrasting activity. An addict is one who will concentrate their mind and body around one sort of activity to the exclusion of almost all others.’ In all, employees who sitting in front of the computer screen for a long time could affect their health. Unsecure mobile phone has become a common problem for employees by digital criminals. They target the employees’ mobile phone by using new and develop programs. These programs can break the mobile phone security to steal the important information and tampering with the contents of the phone. Moreover, they can send the data to their computers or to other mobile phone. According to Dibben (2009, p. 27): ‘If they responded, the criminals could then access phone users personal data and send it elsewhere.’ Thus, it can be concluded that hackers attack the workers mobile phones by new software to take the important information. In conclusion, the essay has argued that information technology has brought advantages and disadvantages to communication in business. Companies can communicate effectively with their customers by internet. In addition, Companies now try to have a good relationship with their customers by using internet. What is more, companies now design a website to attractions people and provide a products in it. As well as that, virtual communication is one of the important things in the business area. On the other hand, using information technology in business has disadvantages that imbed the work. For instance, employees use the company computers for personal interests in the official worki ng hours. Moreover, using internet for a long time in the  work could affect health problems. Thus, mobile phone could attack by professional criminals. List of references Caplan, S E 2006, ‘Problematic internet use in the workplace’, in M Anadarajan, T S H Teo & C A Simmers (eds), The internet and workplace transformation, Armonk, New York, viewed 26 August 2009, Dibben, K 2009, ‘Hi-tech crime: phones hit by virus’, The Sunday mail, 28 Jun, p. 27. Kleindl, B A 2002, Strategic electronic marketing: managing e-business, 2nd edn, Thomson South-Western, Cleveland, USA. Vallee, D 1999, Leading your business into the future with the internet, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton. Hurwitz, J 2009, http://jshurwitz.wordpress.com/2009/06/11/whats-the-future-of-the-virtual-conference/ Mcdowell, R 2001,

Ayurveda Research Essay Example

Ayurveda Research Essay Example Ayurveda Research Essay Ayurveda Research Essay Ayurvedic Treatment Ayurveda is one of the mostly applied traditional systems of medicine that are incorporated in the modern medicine. In the recent past, Ayurveda has been globalized, and more research on the modernization of the practices is still underway (Patel Mansoori, 2012). The Ayurveda practices such as therapies and use of herbs have been integrated into the contemporary medicine in the treatment process of people with a terminal illness such as cancer patients (Patel Mansoori, 2012). Therefore, it is important to focus on some of the therapeutic management of the disease in reference Ayurvedic perspective. It is important to note that the Ayurvedic concept defines cancer as a non-inflammatory or an inflammatory swelling in the body (Patel Mansoori, 2012). With the knowledge, Ayurvedic practitioners knew what kind of herbs and therapy they were to use. Unlike the traditional Western drugs, Ayurvedic drugs and therapy can treat some of the side effects caused by the cancer treatment drugs (Patel Mansoori, 2012). One of the major principles of Ayurveda states that the cancer abuse of the natural environment upset the human body systems thus the same nature can be used to cure the body (Patel Mansoori, 2012). In the modern era, most drugs are used using natural herbs to treat some of the side effects caused by cancer drugs and to boost human immunity. Ayurvedic Therapy Additionally, the therapies in Ayurveda involves health maintenance known as Prakritisthapani chikitsa, the restoration of normal system functions as Roganashani chikitsa and spiritual healing natively known as Naishthiki chikitsa (Patel Mansoori, 2012). All the principles are applied in the current treatment of diseases, and outwardly health maintenance is involved in the treatment of cancer. Most importantly, Ayurvedic practitioners insisted on the finding the cause of illness before treatment (Patel Mansoori, 2012). Currently, the medical professionals have to diagnose a patient before treatment and recommend the best ways of treatment. Moreover, Ayurvedic systems approved drugs and therapies in minor issues while surgery was meant for major issues (Patel Mansoori, 2012). The recommendation of treatment is similar to the current practices. Notably, the Ayurvedic practitioners had various principles that guided them on how to treat patients with different chronic diseases. Besides, from using the drugs, the principles of Ayurveda play a critical role in the modern medication process and potentially create chances of finding the cure to cancer. References Patel, D., Mansoori, A. (2012). Canceran ayurvedic perspective. IJARPB, 2(2), 179-195.

Primary and Secondary Research Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Primary and Secondary Research Approaches - Essay Example This research proposal shall cover various environmental issues that are due to human patterns of consumption. The rationale for this research proposal is to explore and further expose the problems of posed by the increasing level of consumption patterns towards the environment and to humanity itself. The end objective is to have a theoretical or hypothetical concept of a solution with regards to such a critical issue. This research could help provide a better and more understanding perspective and respect towards the environment. As Schaefer (2006) said, â€Å"environmental stewardship plays an important role in creating wildlife habitat in cities where people see firsthand the need for restoration and will themselves enjoy immediate benefits† (p.2). The outcome rationale of this research is to find a bridge between conservation while meeting the needs of an ever growing human

Terry Childs vs. The city of San Francisco Essay

Terry Childs vs. The city of San Francisco - Essay Example The FiberWAN contains important information for the city of San Francisco. Childs in the year 2008 was arrested and charged with four counts of computer felony. The city accused terry of creating passwords that gave him exclusive access to the system. He was also accused of refusing to give some of the city’s official’s passwords for them to be able to access the FiberWAN. In addition, Childs was also charged with installing a system that enabled him to tap into and know what the administrators were saying and doing. He also installed a dial up and digital subscriber line modems that could enable unauthorized access to the system. He also placed a command that in the event that anyone tried to restore the administrative access, the system would automatically erase important configuration data. He was finally charged with downloading the city’s data to a personal storage device (Rainer and Casey 78). During the hearing, child’s lawyer argued that his client’s colleagues did not want him to keep his position in the department. He further argued that his client was not rogue employee, but was hard working since he spent most of his weekends and working holidays working. This was due to the fact that he was the only one who was capable of operating the FiberWAN. Childs was found guilty of withdrawing passwords to the FiberWAN and was sentenced to four years in prison.